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Causes
The pathogenesis of Melasma is not fully understood, but several hypotheses have been suggested. Increased vascularity in Melasma lesions has suggested the role of increased number of enlarged vessels in the development of Melasma. It is likely to occur when the colour-making cells in the skin i.e. melanocytes produce too much colour. Endogenous and exogenous stimuli such as sex hormones and ultraviolet irradiation respectively may stimulate the microenvironment leading to the release of various mediators that cause activation of melanocytes. Melasma patients may have specialized melanocytes with an intrinsic sensitivity to these stimuli.